양념고등어의 블로그

좀더 자세히 생각해 보자면 동명사가 쓰일 수 있는 경우는 4가지가 있다.

1) Gerund as subject, 문장에서 주어로 쓰일 때.

 - Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.

 - Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying to do.

2) Gerund as direct object, 직접 목적어로 쓰일 때.

 - They do not appreciated my singing.

 - I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.

3) Gerund as subject complement, 이게 우리말로 주격 보어인가, 아무튼 be 동사 뒤에 나오는것

 - My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.

 - Tom's favorite tactic has been jabbering away to his constituents.

4) Gerund as object of preposition, 전치사의 목적어로서의 동명사

 - The police arrested him for speeding. 

 - You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.

1) when ( = at the moment)

'when' takes the simple past OR the present

 * He was talking one the phone when I arrived.  

    (past continuous - <when>simple past )

 * When she called, he had already eaten lunch. 

    (<when>simple past - past perfect)

 * We'll go to lunch when you come to visit. 

    (future - <when>simple past)

 여기가 시제차이가 발생하는 부분인데, 미래 - when - 현재 꼴이 되는 것

 밑의 부사절에서도 비슷한 예제들이 나오니 확인

2) before ( = before that moment)

takes either the simple past OR the present 

 * We will finish before he arrives. 

   (future - <before>present)

 * She left before I telephoned. 

(simple past - <before>simple past)

3) after ( = after that moment)

takes the present for future events

takes past OR past perfect for past events

과거 완료를 굳이 안 써도 됨. 하지만 좀 더 의미를 명확히 할 때 필요

 * We will finish after he comes. 

   (future - <after>present)

 * She ate after I (had) left. 

   (past - <after>past perfect)

3) while, as ( = during that time)  

진행형이랑 잘 어울린다는 것을 유념

they are both usually used with the past continuous 

(because the meaning of "during that time" indicates an action in progress)

 * She began cocking while I was finishing my homework. 

    (past - <while> past continuous)

 * As I was finishing my homework, she began cocking. 

    (<as>past continuous - past)

4) by the time (~ 할 때 쯤, one event has been accomplished before another )

use past perfect in the main clause for past events 

use future perfect in the main clause for future events 

역시나, 실제로 말 할때는 과거완료 미래완료 안써도 의미 잘 통함.

하지만 작문을 할 때는 잘 지켜주는것이 중요함

 * By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner. 

   (<by the time> past - past perfect)

   그가 끝낼 때 쯤, 난 저녁을 만들었다. 

   내가 저녁을 만든것이 먼저고, 그 다음 그가 뭔가 끝냄

 * I'll have finished my homework by the time they arrive. 

   (future - <by the time>present)

   그들이 도착할 때 쯤 난 숙제를 끝낼것이다.

   내가 숙제를 끝내고 나서 그들이 도착할 것임.

5) until, till ( = up to time)

takes simple present and simple past, either

till (only used in spoken English)

 * We waited until he finished his homework.  (simple past - <until> simple past)

 * I'll wait till you finish  (future - <till> present)

6) Since  ( = from that time)

현재완료를 쓰기에 이처럼 적합한 녀석이 어디 있을까?

use the present perfect in the main clause with 'since'

 * I have played tennis since I was young boy.   

   (present perfect - <since>past)

 * They have worked here since 1987. 

   (present perfect - <since>past)

 * I have lived alone for 11 years since I moved to Seoul.

7) As soon as ( = when something happens - immediately afterwards)

It is very similar to 'when' 

it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after other

takes simple past for future events

 * He will let us know as soon as he decides

  (future - <as soon as>present)

 * As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give a telephone call.

   (<as soon as>present - future)

8) Whenever, every time ( = each time something happens)

use simple past (or simple past in the past), because they express habitual action.

 * Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's".  

   (<whenever>present - present)

 * We take a hike every time he visits. 

   (present - <whenever>present)