양념고등어의 블로그

써도 되는, 널리 쓰이는 것들

receive a gift

give a gift

accept a gift

owe an apology

offer(give) an apology

accept an apology

return a phone call

make a phone call

receive a phone call

return a favor

do a favor

ask for a favor

receive an invitation

accept an invitation

turn down an invitation (초대를 거절하다)

accept a request

make a request

decline a request

receive a complement

return a complement

give a complement

쓰면 안되는 형태

do a gift 

do an apology

do a phone call

make a favor

offer an invitation

offer a request

ask for a request

do a compliment

생각보다 do 를 쓰면 안되는 경우가 많다. 

사과를 '하다'

전화를 '하다'

칭찬을 '하다'

단순히 do 를 '하다'로 생각하고, 우리말로 잘 치환되다 보니 생각없이 do 를 쓰게 됨.

이와 비슷한 것으로 make up 이 있는데,

'화장을 하다'는 wear  makeup. do makeup 이 아님

또한 초대하다 같은 경우

give an invitation 이런거 보다 invite 하는게 좋음 

초대하다는 뜻의 동사가 있는데 초대를 주다 식의 표현은 문장을 불필요하게 길고 어색하게 만듬

여러가지 방법을 이용해서 뭔가 부탁하기.

less formal 한 방법부터 엄청 formal 한 방법까지 다양하게 연습함

1. Can I borrow your pen please?

2. Could you lend me a jacket, please?

3. Is it OK if I use your phone?

4. Do you mind if I use your phone?

5. Would it be all right  if I compared our homework?

6. Would you mind if i borrowed your new camera?

7. Would you mind babysitting my kids on Saturday night?

8. I was wondering if I could borrow some money.

9. Would it be too much trouble for you to share your textbook?

1번부터 8번까지, 낮은 번호가 less formal 한 질문. 높을수록 more formal 한 질문들

would가 들어가면 몹시 정중해짐ㅋ

또 조심해야 할 것이, 5~6번을 보면  if 절에 과거형을 사용한 것.

흔히 가정법 과거라고 알고있는 것의 모양새는

if <simple past> did something, I would do something 의 꼴이 되는데 이거랑 똑같으니 유의해야 함

여러가지로 비교하는 방법을 배워보자

역시나 독해는 쉽지만 능숙하게 말하는 데는 좀 힘듬

1) with adjectives

~~ is more/less interesting that ~~

~~ is harder than ~~

~~ is not as hard as ~~

 - My dog is always happier than me.

 - I am not as happy as my dog.

 - He is more suspicious than other suspects.

2) with nouns 

~~ has better/worse hours than ~~

~~ has more education than ~~

~~ isn't as much work as ~~

 - My brother has more books than me.

 - I don't have as many books as my brother.

 - He has better body shape than me.

3) with verbs

~~ earns more/less than ~~

~~ earns as much as ~~

~~ doesn't earns as much as ~~

 - She ate more than me.

 - She ate as much as an elephant.

 - I didn't eat as much as her.

 - Germany scored more than Portugal.

4) with past participles

~~ is better paid than ~~

~~ is as well paid as ~~

~~ isn't as well paid as ~~

 - My brother was better cared than me by my parent.

 - Basketball isn't as much played as soccer.

눈으로만 봐서는 모두 쉽다!  연습 연습 필요

뽀인트

 * 우선 ~er 을 붙일 때랑 more 붙일때를 잘 구분 해야함

 * 가끔 말하다 보면 more faster 이렇게 말 하는데 그럴 필요가 없음

 * many, much 잘 분간할 것. 

 * 이유는 모르지만, 미국 사람들이 그게 더 좋아! 등을 말할 때 

 I like it more 이 아니라 I like it better, I like it the best. 이런식으로 말 한다고 함. (출처 Jade)

  - I like cats better than dogs. 

이번 장에서는 주어와 목적어로서 사용되는 gerund phrase 에 대하여 공부함

Gerund phrases as subjects  

1) Being a flight attendant sounds exciting.

2) Designing clothes is not a man's job.

3) Working as a veterinarian could be rewarding.

4) Directing a TV show would be interesting.

여기까진 참 쉽다. 

Gerund phrases as objects 

1) He'd love being a flight attendant.

2) He wouldn't like being a fashion designer.

3) She'd enjoy working with animals.

4) She'd be good at directing a TV show.

여기까지도 겉으로 보기엔 참 쉽다

밑의 (~~~) 에는 gerund phrases를 써야 한다

하나같이 중요하고 자주 쓰이는 표현들이니 빡세게 연습

I'd be interested in (~~~)

I'd tired of (~~~)

I'd be very excited about (~~~)

I'd enjoy (~~~)

I think I'd be good at (~~~)

이거말고  (be + participle + preposition) 꼴의, 혹은 유사한 숙어(?) 들,

I'm really looking to visiting Korea. 라던가,

He's totally absorbed in watching baseball.  라던가.

이런거 정말이지 외우려면 끝도없다. 

자주 쓰이고 좋아하는 표현들부터 연습해서 익숙해진 후에 그 수를 늘려갈 수 밖에..

좀 더 자세히

누가 너보고 뭐 하라고 했어

누가 너보고 뭐 좀 했으면 좋겠다던데

Jade wanted you to clean your desk.

Gerard wanted me not to be late.

연습해서 문장구조를 몸에 익게 만들어 두어야 함

 want <someone> to think that ~~~

                              feel

                              know

                              worry about

                              get excited

나는 니가 내가 열심히 했다는걸 알았으면 좋겠다

I want you to know that I did my best.

it clauses + adverbial clauses with when

I like it when a teacher is helpful and supportive.

I don't mind it when a friend visits without calling me first.

I cant stand it when a child screams in a restaurant.

It makes me happy when people do nice thing for no reason.

It bothers me when my doctor arrives late for an appointment.

It upsets me when a close friend forgets my birthday.

딱히 의미 전달이나 이해에 문제가 되는 부분은 없었고,

여기서 굉장히 중요한 것이, adverbial clause 인데,

"때나 조건을 나타내는 부사절 → 미래 대신 현재를 사용" 한다는 것

한 문장에서 2개의 미래절을 쓰는것은 부자연스러움

즉 시간을 나타내는 부사절에서는 미래시제를 사용하지 말 것

ex) I'll happy when someone gives me a present.

          미래       -      현재

문장에서 adverb clause 가 main clause 보다 먼저 올 때 콤마(,) 를 사용

좀더 자세히 알아보려면

Relative pronouns (관계대명사)

1) as the subject of a clause

I like guys who/that aren't too serious.

I like guys who/that have a good sense of humor.

2) as the object of a clause

I'd prefer someone (who/that) I have fun with.

I'd prefer someone (who/that) I can talk to easily.

* 2번의 경우 관계대명사 생략 가능

* 2번의 경우, 뒤에 필요한 전치사를 붙이는걸 잊지 말 것.

상식적인 내용이지만

사람이면 who/that

사물이면 which/that

소유물에 관련된거면 whose

장소에 관련된거면 where

새로 배운 표현

* It turns out to be less serious.

* Can you get along well with everyone?

모르던 단어

* brag 

* stubborn

* neat 

* stingy

* nag